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A Uniform, Objective, and Adaptive System for Expressing Rice Development

^a University of Arkansas, Rice Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 351, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA
^b Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, P.O. Box 860, Stuttgart, AR 72160 USA

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Rice seedling growth stages with morphological markers. The sequence of normally occurring seedling developmental events is presented. There are exceptions to the sequence given. In some cases the rice coleoptile emerges from the seed first and in other cases the radicle emerges first. When either emerges alone the growth stage is S1. When both have emerged, the growth stage is S2. If the prophyll emerges from the coleoptile before the radicle emerges from the seed, the growth stage is S3; the prophyll is the first leaf to emerge, but it lacks a blade and collar and consists only of the leaf sheath

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 External morphological structures of a V1 rice plant relative to the growth staging system

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Rice vegetative growth stages with morphological markers for a rice cultivar with 13 true leaves on the main stem. The number of vegetative growth stages varies with the number of true leaves on the main stem. VF denotes flag leaf and it follows that VF-n denotes the nth node before the flag leaf (V9–V13)

View larger version (58K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Rice reproductive growth stages with morphological markers. Other authors have chosen to use the terms "physiological maturity" or "cessation of dry matter accumulation" (R7). We avoid these terms because for rice such determinations are difficult or impossible to make with any known morphological marker. The brown hull indicates the grain has begun to dry (R8 and R9)

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Time line for rice growth stages and morphological changes in the rice plant