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Physiological and Genetic Changes of Irrigated Wheat in the Post–Green Revolution Period and Approaches for Meeting Projected Global Demand

^a International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Mexico. Mailing address: Apartado 370, P.O. 60326, Houston, TX 77205 USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Grain yield of a historic set of wheat cultivars developed in northwestern Mexico (1962–1996): For cultivars from 1962 through 1988 (open circles) yields are means of six growing seasons (from Sayre et al., 1997), while the latest two dates (closed circles) are based on data from 1997 to 1998 (Table 2) after adjustment based on the performance of common entries (i.e., Seri 82 and Bacanora 88). (Equation of line [1962–1988] )

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and harvest index (HI) of a historic series of cultivars; average for three levels of N (75, 150, and 300 kg ha-1), northwestern Mexico, 1987 through 1989 (adapted from Table 3 in Ortiz-Monasterio et al., 1997). (LSDs [0.05] are 3.0 kg yield kg-1 N for NUE, and 2.5% for HI.)

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 Relationship between partitioning of biomass to spikes at anthesis, and final grain number and yield of six modern Argentinean cultivars (Adapted from Tables 4 and 5 in Abbate et al., 1998). (LSDs [0.05] are 112 g m-2 for yield, and 2900 grains for grains per square meter.)

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Relationship between canopy temperature depression (CTD) measured during grain filling and yield of random derived F5:8 sister lines from the spring wheat cross Seri 82 x 7Cerros-66, Obregon, northwestern Mexico, 1996 through 1997

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5 Relationship between stomatal conductance of individual F5 plants and F5:7 grain yield for two progressively warmer growing cycles, F7A and F7B, respectively (from Gutierrez et al., 2000)

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6 Relationship between spectral reflectance index NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) measured during grain filling and biomass of irrigated spring wheat advanced lines, Obregon, northwestern Mexico, 1996 through 1997