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Yield Improvement in Temperate Maize is Attributable to Greater Stress Tolerance

^a Dept. of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1 Mean maize grain yield (0% moisture) in Ontario from 1892 to 1997, from Agriculture Statistics for Ontario, Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Queen's Printer of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada

View larger version (44K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2 (A) Grain yield and (B) coefficient of variation (CV) for individual plant grain yield of an older (Pride 5) and a newer (Pioneer 3902) maize hybrid grown at two plant population densities and two levels of stand uniformity at Elora, Ontario in 1997. Values are means of four replications. Capped bars show standard error

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3 The relationship between grain yield per unit area and coefficient of variation for individual plant grain yield at physiological maturity for six maize hybrids grown in four environments. Data points include four hybrids at 11 plants m-2 at Cambridge, Ontario in 1996; six hybrids at 7.0 plants m-2 at two soil nitrogen levels at Cambridge, Ontario in 1996; 11 plants m-2 at Cambridge, Ontario in 1997; and two hybrids at 11 plants m-2 at Elora, Ontario in 1997. The hybrids Pride 5, Warwick 263, Pioneer 3902, and NK 2555 were used in the test at Cambridge in 1996 and 1997; PAG SX111 and Pioneer 3893 were included at Cambridge in 1997. Pride 5 and Pioneer 3902 were used for the test at Elora, and CV values were taken from four replications for each hybrid

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4 Grain yield comparison between uniform and nonuniform stands. (A) Grain yield of United 106 and Pride 116 in pure stands and their mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at three plant population densities at Elora in 1978 and 1979. Data from Hoekstra (1981). (B) Grain yield of uniformly sown stands and non-uniformly sown (50% plants sowed 7 d earlier and 50% plants sowed 7 d later relative to uniform stands) stands at four plant population densities averaged over 5 yr in Minnesota. Data from Ford and Hicks (1992)