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A Laboratory Method of Determining Cold Hardiness in Bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.¹

Differences in cold resistance among bermudagrass varieties can be detected by the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. The TTC test has a limited potential as a tool in screening and predicting survival in areas where certain varieties are not recommended. The freezing technique which supplemented the TTC test showed that: 1) temperatures between –2.2 and –4.4 C caused significant injury to rhizomes of ‘Coastal;’ 2) –6.6 C caused significant injury to common, ‘Midland,’ and ‘Greenfield;’ 3) introductions A-9957 (Yugoslavia) and A-8153 (Afghanistan) were not injured at –6.6 C and occasionally will survive with some freeze injury at –9.4 C; 4) a 25% reduction in TTC absorbance following freeze treatment correlated closely with visual survival checks and served as a good index of viability; 5) cold hardiness may be induced in certain strains of bermudagrass in response to short-day lengths and further conditioned by low temperatures under field conditions; and 6) rhizomes acclimated to fall and winter field conditions are more cold resistant than those grown under short day lengths and warm temperatures.

Key Words: Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride test (TTC) • Survival check • Temperature effects • Acclimated • Greenhouse • Accessions • Reciprocal cross

² Research Agronomist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, and Assistant Professor of Horticulture, Oklahoma State University.

Received for publication February 15, 1969.

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