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Sesame Variety Comparisons and Breeding Objectives in the Sandy Soils of the Central Sudan¹

Nine introduced and the predominant local land variety of sesame (Sesame indicum L.) were compared in observation plots and trials in the Pediplain and Sand Sheet soils of Kordofan during 1963–1965. The effect of added nitrogen and phosphorus on each variety was also investigated. All varieties did better on the Pediplain than on the Sand Sheet soll due to the better moisture retention characteristics of the former. The amount of seasonal rainfall affected greatly the yields and the magnitude of the response to fertilizers. Yields were extremely low in 1965 especially at Umm Higlig as a result of the protracted period of drought during seed formation. Few significant differences between varieties were found. The local land variety was inferior to a number of introduced ones when grown in the Pediplain soil under conditions of adequate rainfall. Significant responses to fertilizers were noted for all varieties, however, fertilizer application would appear economically justifiable only under sufficient rainfall. The suitability of each variety as breeding material was evaluated and the special importance of drought resistance and earliness as breeding objectives was pointed out.

Key Words: Drought resistance • Earliness • Fertilizers

² Agronomist, 20 Vasilissis Sophias Str., Thessaloniki, Greece, and Agronomist, Agricultural Research Service, Min. of Agric., Athens, Greece, respectively.

Received for publication January 27, 1969.