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Source of Protein Variants in Soybean Seed¹

Samples of soybean seed of breeding lines constituting the parents of currently grown varieties were screened for protein types designated as "A" and "B". The proteins were classified by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In homozygous genotypes the protein types are mutually exclusive and are controlled by a pair of co-dominnant genes. The source of the A protein was through ‘Mandarin‘, an early-maturing variety introduced into the United States as PI 36653 from Manchuria in 1911. The disproportionately large numbers of A-type varieties in northern Maturity Groups can be attributed to repeated use of Mandarin as a parent. However, a possible association of the A protein with some adaptive factor contributed by Mandarin exists.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill • Genetics • Electrophoresis • Polymorphism • Linkage • Parentage • Breeding lines • Maturity groups

² Research Botanist, Market Quality Research Division, and Research Agronomist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705.

Received for publication November 8, 1968.