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Some Effects of Genes, Cytoplasm, and Environment on Male Sterility of Cotton (Gossypium)¹

Male sterility in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has been produced by mutant genes, cytoplasm from other species, environmental stress, and chemical treatment. Genetic sterilities vary in expression from complete sterility due to a single dominant gene to partial sterility due to recessive genes. The cytoplasmic-genetic sterile strains with cytoplasm from either G. anomalum Wawra & Peyr. or G. arboreum L. vary in response to genes, cytoplasm, and the external environment. Daily maximum temperature 15 to 16 days before anthesis affects sterility more than any other aspect of the external environment. A-lines and B-lines have been produced for pure-breeding sterile strains, one set for G. anomalum cytoplasm, the other for G. arboreum cytoplasm. All of the commercial strains of G. barbadense L. tested with these two sterilities produced completely fertile F₁ hybrids. The commercial cotton crop is largely self-pollinated. The most critical problem for production of hybrid cotton appears to be finding some way to get the male-sterile flowers pollinated.

Key Words: Hybrids • Genetics • Pollination

² Associate Geneticist, Delta Branch Experiment Station, Stoneville, Miss. 38776. The author wishes to thank Dr. James R. Meyer for supplying hybrids on which these studies were based, and for his advice and encouragement.

Received for publication October 18, 1968.

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