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Maternal Effect on Fatty Acid Composition and Oil Content of Soybeans, Glycine max (L.) Merrill¹

Fatty acid composition and oil content of seeds were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, respectively, for parents and reciprocal crosses of soybeans. It was found that oil content and the fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic) of the oil are determined primarily by the genotype of the maternal parent. The pollen parent had little influence on oleic and linoleic acids of seed oil, but in certain crosses the genotype of the male parent influenced the linolenic acid fraction. In these crosses linolenic acid was intermediate between the two parents. The results indicate that selection for oil content or for unsaturated fatty acids based on individual F₂ seed analysis would be ineffective in soybeans, with the possible exception of linolenic acid.

Key Words: unsaturated acids • nuclear magnetic resonance • gas-liquid chromotography • reciprocal crosses

² Research Agronomist and Geneticist (now Chairman, Statistical Laboratory, and Professor of Agronomy, University of Nebraska), Raleigh, N.C., 27607, and Chemist, U.S. Regional Soybean Laboratory, Urbana, Ill., Crops Research Division, ARS, USDA.

Received for publication February 27, 1968.

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