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Mass Selection by Specific Gravity for Protein and Oil in Soybean Populations¹

The effects of two cycles of mass selection by specific gravity were investigated in two hybrid soybean populations (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). Effects were measured on chemical composition and on six agronomic attributes. Selection was employed for high (Hi) and low (Lo) specific gravity within each population. A solution of glycerol and water was used to establish the desired specific gravity. Cycle 1 stratified the original populations into groups differing in chemical composition. Hi populations had a higher mean protein and lower mean oil content than the control populations. Lo populations were above average in oil and below average in protein content. Protein increased in the Hi populations and ranged from 0.3 to 1.2% and the decrease in protein in the Lo populations ranged from 0.6 to 1.5%. The increase in oil in the Lo populations ranged from 0.1 to 1.0% and thedecrease in oil in the Hi populations ranged from 0.0 to 0.9%.

The effects of continued selection (cycle 2) varied among and within populations. In general, selections in cycle 1 were more effective than in cycle 2 for protein and oil.

Specific gravity measures relative density; therefore, density of the seed was determined using a Bechman gaspycnometer. Average heritability for seed density was 69%. High seed density was associated with high protein, low oil and late maturity.

Key Words: Glycine max (L.) Merrill • mass selection for protein and oil • specific gravity • seed density

² Research Geneticist, Crops Research Division, ARS, USDA, Dept. of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 53706 (formerly Research Associate, Dept. of Agronomy, Iowa State University); and Director of Research, Peterson Seed Co., Waterloo, Iowa, and Savage, Minn. (formerly Agronomist, Crops Research Division, ARS, USDA, and Professor, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa). The authors express their appreciation for suggestions and assistance from F. I. Collins, Chemist, Crops Research Division, and to the U. S. Regional Soybean Laboratory, Urbana, 111., for chemical analyses.

Received for publication November 21, 1967.

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