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Estimates of Heterosis and Combining Ability in Winter Wheat¹

From a seven-parent diallel cross, using soft red, soft white, and hard red winter wheat varieties, 10 of the 21 F1 hybrids yielded significantly more grain than the better parent in a space-planted experiment. The average yield of all hybrids was 24% greater than the better parent in each cross. Specific combining ability effects were significant for grain yield, kernel weight, pearling index, spike number, plant height in one year only, and heading date, but not significant for flour yield or micro-alkaline water retention capacity (AWRC). General combining ability effects were significant for all of these characters. Tenn. 9 had good combining ability for grain yield but Morion did not. Soft red X soft red and soft red X hard red hybrids gave similar heterosis values, indicating that interclass diversity is not necessary for heterosis. Hybrids with early and late maturing parents produced greater heterosis for grain yield than hybrids with both early parents or both late parents. Milling and baking quality prediction tests indicated that hard X soft hybrids did not have desirable soft wheat quality. Pearling index, flour yield, and micro- AWRC were generally equal to the midparent values.

Key Words: Wheat Quality

² Former graduate student (now at Department of Agriculture, Singh Darbar, Kathmandu, Nepal), Assistant Professor of Agronomy, University of Tennessee (now at Department of Agronomy, University of California, Davis), and Research Chemist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soft Wheat Quality Laboratory, Wooster, Ohio, respectively.

Received for publication November 6, 1967.