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Development of Safflower Seed as Influenced by Windrowing, Varieties, and Season¹

Seed yield from windrowed safflower (Carthamus tinetorius L.) plants reached 95% and 100% maximum development 24 and 31 days, respectively, after 90% bloom in 1961. In 1962 only 77% maximum development was reached at 24 days and 88% at 31 days after 90% bloom. In 1962, moisture percentage at all windrowing dates was higher than in 1961. Weight per 100 seeds, oil percentage, and bushel weight in 1962 were lower at all windrowing dates than in 1961. When individual heads were sampled, maximum dry weight of seed was essentially reached at 28 days after flowering at 22 to 25% moisture in 1960 and 1961, and at 34 days after flowering at 31% moisture in 1962. Below normal temperatures during the growing season were primarily responsible for the slow rates of development and high moisture percentages in 1962, compared to the near normal years of 1960 and 1961. As found earlier and confirmed in 1962, N-4051 reached maximum dry weight of seed approximately 1 week earlier than ‘US-10’ or ‘Gila.’

² Research Technician, Research Agronomist (now Associate Professor of Agronomy, University of Nebraska), and Research Pathologist, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Logan, Utah.

Received for publication March 25, 1967.