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Effects of Different Gene-Cytoplasm Systems on Quantitative Characters in Reciprocal F₂ Crosses of Maize (Zea mays L.)¹

The inbred WF9 genotype was incorporated into 41 diverse cytoplasms by backcrossing 4 times. Cytoplasmic donor lines were thus formed with largely WF9 genotype in cytoplasms of diverse origins. Seventeen of 60 reciprocal plant-to-plant F₁ crosses between donor lines and 2 inbred testers gave significantly different yields in 1962. Subsequent experiments utilized reciprocal F₂ pairs to eliminate maternal seed effects. Six of 16 reciprocal F₂ pairs gave significant differences in yield in one experiment. In a more extensive study with 11 cytoplasmic donor lines plus the original WF9 crossed with 4 tester inbreds, the F2 pairs were tested 2 years at 2 locations. Fed reciprocal differences and interactions with reciprocals were significant for yield of grain, percent moisture at harvest or lodged plants at harvest. Only 2 of 48 differences between reciprocal crosses were significant for yield. However, 2 of the 4 overall mean reciprocal differences for testers were significant, and in these cases exotic cytoplasms were superior.

Cytoplasmic and genotype x cytoplasmic interaction effects on the three characters as measured in reciprocal F₂ hybrids were of low magnitude and probably interacted with years and locations. The results give little encouragement to the breeder to select cytoplasms with superior performance over years for even a limited region.

Key Words: exotic cytoplasms • maternal effects

² Associate Professors of Agronomy, Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind.

Received for publication February 14, 1967.