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Maternal Line Selection for Persistence in Red Clover, Trifolium pratense L.¹

Effectiveness of maternal line and phenotypic selection for persistence among and within locally adapted strains of red clover and concurrent shifts in population characteristics were studied in two field studies at Fairland, Md. Original parental strains were compared with breeding materials derived by breeding procedures in spaced and simulated broadcast plantings. Maternal line selection and synthesis of varieties from clones selected phenotypically within the third cycle of maternal line selection were both effective in improving persistence of red clover; the latter method appeared to be the most efficient one. Improvement in persistence was accompanied by decreased forage yields in first year stands and increased forage yields in second year stands, decreased flowering in first year and delayed flowering date in second year, and a more rosette type of plant growth in the fall.

² Formerly graduate student, Associate Professor of Agronomy, and Assistant Professor of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, Md.

Received for publication December 12, 1966.