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CROP ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT & QUALITY

Agronomic Management System and Precipitation Effects on Soybean Oil and Fatty Acid Profiles

^a Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 48824
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, 48824

^* Corresponding author (juangao{at}msu.edu).

This study investigated long-term agronomic management systems and precipitation level effects on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] total oil content and fatty acid composition. Management systems evaluated included conventional (CT), no-till (NT), low chemical input (LI), and zero chemical input (ORG). Total oil content and major fatty acids profiles were analyzed by accelerated solvent extractor (ASE 200) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID). The results showed these four management systems have limited influence on soybean grain total oil content and oleic acid (O) and linoleic acid (L) compositions. The NT management system significantly improved soybean oil yield on a land-area basis as a result of higher annual grain yields. Soybeans grown under the NT management system had as high or higher palmitic acid (P) composition than the other three management systems; similarly, the CT treatments had as low or lower linolenic acid (LN) composition in soybean when compared with the other three management systems. The levels of stearic acid (S), O, L, and LN had a significant quadratic relationship (R² = 0.64–0.75) with total (July–September) precipitation. The oil quality ratio of O/(L + LN) had a quadratic relation with precipitation.

Abbreviations: CT, tilled conventional chemical-input system • den df, denominator degree of freedom • FAME, fatty acid methyl ester • FID, flame ionization detector • KBS, Kellogg Biological Station • L, linoleic acid • LI, tilled low chemical-input system • LN, linolenic acid • LTER, long-term ecological research site • NT, nontilled conventional chemical-input system • num df, numerator degree of freedom • O, oleic acid • ORG, tilled no-chemical-input system • P, palmitic acid • S, stearic acid