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Published online 1 July 2008
Published in Crop Sci 48:1341-1349 (2008)
© 2008 Crop Science Society of America
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Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of Seed Hardness in Soybean

Bo Zhanga, Pengyin Chena,*, Charles Y. Chenb, Dechun Wangc, Ainong Shia, Anfu Houa and Tetsuaki Ishibashia

a Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, 115 Plant Science Building, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
b USDA-ARS, National Peanut Research Lab., Dawson, GA 39842
c Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, A384-E Plant and Soil Science Building, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824

* Corresponding author (pchen{at}uark.edu).

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds with undesirable texture cause processing complications in soyfood production. Seed hardness is an important quality attribute for food-grade soybeans. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seed hardness in soybean. Three generations of F2–derived lines (159 F2:3, F2:4, and F2:5 lines) from a soft (‘SS-516’) x hard (‘Camp’) soybean cross were grown in a replicated test in Fayetteville, AR, in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Pressure-cooked samples from each line were tested for seed hardness using a texture analyzer. A total of 874 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to screen the parents; 177 out of 236 polymorphic markers between the parents showed polymorphism in the F2:3 lines. A linkage map for seed hardness was established using 148 SSR markers, 15 of which were new and added to the current public soybean genetic linkage map. All identified markers were placed on 19 linkage groups (LGs) and covered 1363.7 cM of the soybean genome with an average distance of 9.6 cM between markers. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be 0.56 for seed hardness. Two stable QTLs across environments (Ha1 and Ha2, p < 0.00001) were identified near Satt229 on LG L and Satt531 on LG D1a, respectively, for the average seed hardness over 3 yr. Ha1 had a logarithmic odds score of 6.17 with R2 = 12.7%; Ha2 had a score of 5.08 with R2 = 36.1%. A dominance-by-dominance interaction was detected between Ha1 and Ha2, explaining 7.9% of the phenotypic variance. Research is under way to confirm the identified QTLs for soybean seed hardness in multiple populations with different genetic backgrounds.

Abbreviations: CIM, composite-interval mapping • MAS, marker-assisted selection • MIM, multiple-interval mapping • QTL, quantitative trait locus • RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism • SMA, single-marker analysis • SSR, simple sequence repeat

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Received for publication October 2, 2007.




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