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Estimating the Individual Effects of the Reduced Palmitic Acid fap_nc and fap1 Alleles on Agronomic Traits in Two Soybean Populations

^a Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Box 7620, Raleigh. NC 27695
^b USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon St, Plant Sci. Res., Raleigh, NC 27607

^* Corresponding author (andrea_cardinal{at}ncsu.edu).

Major fap alleles that reduce palmitate content in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil also can reduce seed yield. One of these alleles, fap_nc, has been shown to be a deletion in the GmFATB1a gene. Allele-specific primers that amplify GmFATB1a can be used to test precisely if the fap_nc allele has an effect on agronomic traits. The objectives of this study were to determine if the segregation of the fap_nc allele explained a significant amount of genetic variation in several agronomic traits; to determine if the fap1 allele or minor palmitate genes have an effect on agronomic traits; and to confirm if GmFATB1a maps to the distal region on linkage group A1. GmFATB1a-specific primers were used to genotype lines from two populations segregating for fap_nc, fap1, and fan alleles and modifier genes. The fap_nc allele explained a significant portion of the genetic variation in seed yield, plant height, protein content, and stearic acid content in both populations. After removing the effect of fap_nc from the model, the genetic correlation between palmitate and yield was significant in one population but not significant between palmitate and height, indicating that fap1 has a small but significant effect on seed yield but no effect on plant height. The fap1 and/or modifier genes significantly affected stearic acid content. GmFATB1a mapped 20 cM distal to Satt684 on linkage group A1. Breeding efforts did not totally eliminate the negative influence of the fap_nc allele on seed yield and plant height.

Abbreviations: BLUP, best linear unbiased predictor • FATB, 16:0-ACP thioesterase gene • 16:0, palmitic acid • 18:0, stearic acid • 18:1, oleic acid • 18:2, linoleic acid • 18:3, linolenic acid • PCR, polymerase chain reactions • QTL, quantitative trait locus • SSR, single sequence repeat

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Received for publication June 27, 2007.