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Evaluation of Elite Exotic Maize Inbreds for Use in Temperate Breeding

Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Box 7620, Raleigh, NC 27695

^* Corresponding author (major_goodman{at}ncsu.edu).

While maize (Zea mays L.) is a highly diverse species, this diversity is not well represented in U.S. maize production acreage. Increased genetic diversity can be obtained through breeding with exotic germplasm, especially tropical-exotic sources. However, the pool of available tropical germplasm is large and diverse, making choices of tropical parents difficult. The maize breeding program at North Carolina State University has initiated a large-scale screening effort to evaluate elite exotic maize inbreds, most of which are tropical-exotic in origin. Here we report screening results for 88 inbreds obtained from various international breeding programs. These lines were tested in replicated yield trials in North Carolina as 50% exotic topcrosses by crossing them to a single-cross U.S. tester of stiff-stalk (SS) by non-stiff-stalk (NSS) origin. The more promising lines additionally entered 25% tropical topcrosses with SS and NSS testers and were further evaluated in yield-trials. A handful of tropical inbred lines—CML10, CML108, CML157Q, CML274, CML341, CML343, and CML373—performed well overall. It was further determined that topcrossing to a single SS by NSS tester will suffice for initial screening purposes, allowing for elimination of the poorest performing lines. Topcrossing to additional SS and NSS testers may be of value when determining where, in terms of heterotic patterns, the better-performing lines will fit into a breeding program.

Abbreviations: ARC, Agriculture Research Council • CIMMYT, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center • IITA, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture • IRA, Institute of Agronomic Research • LAMP, Latin American Maize Project • LSD, least significant difference • NSS, non-stiff stalk • SS, stiff stalk

Received for publication July 27, 2007.