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QTL for Fatty Acid Composition of Maize Kernel Oil in Illinois High Oil x B73 Backcross-Derived Lines

^a formerly University of Illinois, Dep. of Crop Sciences, 1101 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
^b University of Delaware, Dep. of Chemical Engineering, Newark, DE 19716
^c University of Illinois, Dep. of Crop Sciences, 1101 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801

^* Corresponding author (mewassom{at}sio.midco.net).

Maize (Zea mays L.) produces high-quality oil valued for oxidative stability and low concentrations of saturated fatty acids. The nutritional value of maize oil could be improved by increasing the concentration of oleic acid, a "heart-friendly" monounsaturated fatty acid. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the major fatty acids constituting oil from maize kernels, we produced 150 backcross1-derived S₁ (BC₁S₁) lines from donor parent, Illinois High Oil (IHO), and recurrent parent, B73. There was a positive phenotypic correlation between oil and oleic acid (r_p = 0.47**, 0.01) and negative correlations between oil and linoleic acid (r_p = –0.46**), and between oleic and linoleic acids (r_p = –0.99**). Multiple regression models with QTL detected by composite interval mapping (CIM) on a genetic map with length = 1486 cM, explained 15.4, 41.6, 51.0, 59.6, and 47.9% of the phenotypic variation for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, respectively. A 6-cM interval on chromosome 6 (bin 6.04) includes QTL for stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, explains 10.9 to 39.6% of the variation for these fatty acids, and is 10 to 16 cM from QTL for oil. Another region on chromosome 6 (bin 6.01) includes QTL for oleic and linoleic acids and was epistatic with the QTL in bin 6.04. One or both of these two QTL regions on chromosome 6 may be responsible for fatty acid variation previously attributed to linoleic acid1.

Abbreviations: BC, Backcross • BC₁S₁s, Backcross1-derived S₁ lines • CIM, Composite interval mapping • HOC, High-oil corn or maize • IHO, Illinois High Oil • ILO, Illinois Low Oil • ILO(EM), ILO-early maturity • H², Broad-sense heritability • LOD, Likelihood of odds • , Proportion of genotypic variance explained • QTL, Quantitative trait loci • r_p, phenotypic correlation • r_g, genotypic correlation • R²_adj, Coefficient of determination with adjustment for the number of terms in a model

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Received for publication August 4, 2007.