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QTL Associated with Maize Kernel Oil, Protein, and Starch Concentrations; Kernel Mass; and Grain Yield in Illinois High Oil x B73 Backcross-Derived Lines

^a Formerly Dep. of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1101 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana IL, 61801
^b Dep. of Horticulture and Crop Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407
^c I.I.C.A., P.O. Box 70, Belize City, Belize, Central America
^d Seminis Vegetable Seeds, Inc., 37437 State Hwy. 16, Woodland, CA 95695
^e Betaseeds, Inc., 898 Center St. W., Kimberly, ID 83341
^f Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 216 West 2nd S., Brookings, SD 57006
^g Dep. of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
^h Dep. of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1101 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801

^* Corresponding author (mewassom{at}sio.midco.net).

Illinois long-term selection strains of maize (Zea mays L.) have been useful for identifying genomic regions controlling kernel oil, protein, and starch concentrations. To identify kernel trait quantitative trait loci (QTL) in a genetic background more relevant to practical breeding, 150 BC₁-derived S₁ lines (BC₁S₁s) were produced from Illinois High Oil and recurrent parent B73. Oil, protein, and starch were measured in BC₁S₁s and in Mo17-topcross hybrids (TCs). Kernel mass of BC₁S₁s and grain yield of TCs were also determined. Starch was positively correlated with mass in BC₁S₁s (r_p = 0.67**, 0.01) and with yield in TCs (r_p = 0.59**). Oil was negatively correlated with mass in BC₁S₁s (r_p = –0.29**) and with yield in TCs (r_p = –0.30**). Oil was negatively correlated with starch in BC₁S₁s (r_p = –0.75**) and TCs (r_p = –0.66**). A genetic map with length = 1486 cM was created with 110 markers. Multiple regression models with QTL detected by composite interval mapping (CIM) explained 46.9, 45.2, 44.3, and 17.7% of phenotypic variance for oil, protein, starch, and mass, respectively, in BC₁S₁s and 17.5, 22.9, 40.1, and 28.7% for oil, protein, starch, and yield, respectively, in TCs. A 22 cM-interval on chromosome 6 in BC₁S₁s included oil, protein, and starch QTL, including a QTL explaining 36.7% of the BC₁S₁ phenotypic variation for oil. No yield QTL were detected in this region. Introgression of this QTL into breeding lines might increase oil while maintaining yield.

Abbreviations: BC, backcross; BC₁S₁s, backcross1-derived S₁ lines • CIM, composite interval mapping • H², broad-sense heritability • HOC, high-oil corn or maize • IHO, Illinois High Oil • ILO, Illinois Low Oil • ILO(EM), ILO-early maturity • LOD, likelihood of odds • PCR, polymerase chain reaction • , proportion of genotypic variance explained • QTL, quantitative trait loci • R_adj², coefficient of determination with adjustment for the number of terms in a model • RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism • r_g, genotypic correlation • r_p, phenotypic correlation • SSR, simple sequence repeat • TCs, topcross hybrids

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Received for publication April 12, 2007.

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