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CROP BREEDING & GENETICS

Developing Evaluation Methods for Kernel Shattering in Spring Wheat

Dep. of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State Univ., Fargo, ND 58105-5051

^* Corresponding author (Mohamed.Mergoum{at}ndsu.edu).

Kernel shattering (KS) is known to cause yield loss in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The introduction of Fusarium head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) resistant genotypes has recently elevated KS importance. This study aimed to identify appropriate methods to measure and evaluate KS variation among spring wheat genotypes. Four field and two laboratory methods were developed and compared using 24 wheat genotypes in five environments. Large variation for KS among genotypes was observed. The field kernel shattering method and the kernel shattering from spikes method (SS), both field methods, showed large CVs and were inconsistent across environments. Similarly, the direct yield loss method and the visual score method, also field methods, had relatively low range/LSD_0.05 ratio values, leading to difficulty in discriminating between genotypes. Among the field methods, SS appears to be the most suitable method due to its high range/LSD_0.05 values and fewer input requirements. All field methods, however, were time and labor consuming. The laboratory methods, induced random impact and glume strength, were moderately to strongly correlated with the field methods. The laboratory methods were more consistent across environments, and required only a small sample size. Hence, they were more effective and efficient in evaluating KS and could be of interest for wheat researchers to indirectly screen for KS resistance.

Abbreviations: DYL, direct yield loss • FHB, Fusarium head blight • FS, field kernel shattering • GS, glume strength • IRI, induced random impact • KS, kernel shattering • r_S, Spearman's rank correlation • SS, kernel shattering from spikes • VS, visual score

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