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CROP PHYSIOLOGY & METABOLISM

Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Ozone Effects on Peanut: II. Seed Yield and Quality

USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., 3127 Ligon St., Raleigh, NC 27607

^* Corresponding author (kent.burkey{at}ars.usda.gov).

Many adverse effects of tropospheric O₃ on C₃ crop plants are ameliorated by elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂, but the extent of the interaction can vary, depending on the species, gas concentrations, and other experimental conditions. A 2-yr open-top field chamber experiment was conducted to examine this interaction in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) by testing the effects of O₃ and CO₂ mixtures on yield and seed quality. Treatments were ambient CO₂ (375 µmol mol^–1) and CO₂ additions of approximately 173 and 355 µmol mol^–1 in combination with charcoal-filtered (CF) air (22 nmol O₃ mol^–1), nonfiltered (NF) air (46 nmol O₃ mol^–1), and NF air plus O₃ (75 nmol O₃ mol^–1). At ambient CO₂, pod number was suppressed 16% in NF air and 44% in elevated O₃. Pod and seed mass were not significantly affected in NF air but were lowered 33 to 37% in elevated O₃. Elevated CO₂ increased yield parameters 7 to 17% for plants grown in CF air and restored yield in NF air and elevated O₃ treatments to control or higher levels. Gas treatment effects on peanut market grade characteristics were small. No treatment effects were observed on the protein and oil contents of seeds, but there were changes in fatty acid composition. Overall results indicate that increasing concentrations of tropospheric O₃ will suppress yield of O₃–sensitive peanut cultivars, while elevated CO₂ will moderate this response. Elevated O₃ and CO₂ are not expected to have major effects on peanut seed composition and quality.

Abbreviations: AA, ambient air • CF, charcoal-filtered air • ELK, extra large kernels • NF, nonfiltered air • OZ, 1.56 x ambient O₃ • TSMK, total sound mature kernels

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