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CROP BREEDING & GENETICS

The Effect of Vernalization Genes on Earliness and Related Agronomic Traits of Spring Wheat in Northern Growing Regions

^a Dep. of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
^b Field Crop Development Centre, Alberta Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W8, Canada
^c Alberta Agriculture, Food & Rural Development, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada

^* Corresponding author (Dean.Spaner{at}ualberta.ca).

Vernalization response (Vrn) genes play a major role in determining the flowering times of spring-sown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Vrn genes on flowering and maturity times and important agronomic traits in a set of reciprocal whole-chromosome substitution lines and eight western Canadian spring wheat cultivars of known Vrn genes, grown over three seeding dates in Alberta, Canada over 2 yr. The genotype carrying spring habit alleles at Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D5 flowered and matured the earliest, and had the highest grain protein content but the lowest grain yield. Genotypes with spring habit alleles Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 were early maturing and high yielding. Genotypes with the spring habit Vrn-D5 allele either singly or in combination with Vrn-A1 were late maturing. The spring habit allele of Vrn-A1 was not completely epistatic to Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D5 for flowering or maturity time. The spring habit allele of Vrn-B1, however, was epistatic to that of Vrn-D5 for these traits. In northern wheat growing regions, breeding preference should be given to Vrn genotypes with three spring habit alleles or those with spring habit alleles of Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1. Genotypes carrying spring habit Vrn-D5 allele singly or in combination with Vrn-A1 should be planted as early in the growing season as possible to realize their full yield potential.

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