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CROP BREEDING & GENETICS

Use of Primitive Derived Cotton Accessions for Agronomic and Fiber Traits Improvement

Variance Components and Genetic Effects

^a USDA-ARS, Crop Science Research Lab., P. O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762
^b Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS 39762

^* Corresponding author (jmccarty{at}ars.usda.gov)

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is cultivated in warmer climates throughout the world. The genetic base of modern upland cultivars is narrow. As yield and fiber quality traits are improved, the genetic base should be extended by the incorporation of new germplasm into cultivars. In this study, 114 day-neutral derived primitive accessions were crossed to two cultivars, Stoneville 474 and Sure-Grow 747 (female parents). In a 2-yr study, parents and F₂ hybrids were evaluated in field plots where agronomic and fiber traits were measured. An extended additive-dominance genetic model was used, and the data were analyzed on the basis of the mixed model approach. Dominance effects were the primary genetic effects controlling agronomic and fiber traits, while additive effects were small for most of these traits. Consequently, strong heterosis in some F₁ and F₂ hybrids for most traits would be expected. The genetic resources from the primitive accessions, determined on the basis of cluster analyses, did not show any consistent pattern for collection location or taxonomic classification. Even though dominance effects were the most common for traits measured, results indicate that these day-neutral derived primitive accessions provide genes with significant additive effects for fiber quality traits, while the additive effects for yield improvement was not significantly decreased. Thus, these derived germplasm accessions can provide favorable gene resources for developing high yielding cultivars or hybrids with improved fiber quality.

Abbreviations: AD, additive-dominance • DN, day-neutral • SG747, Sure-Grow 747 • ST474, Stoneville 474