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a Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 368 Ag. Hall, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
b International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico
c Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Private Bag 260, Horsham, Victoria, Postcode: 3401, DX Number: 216515, Australia
d Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
* Corresponding author (mreynolds{at}cgiar.org)
Spectral indices as a selection tool in plant breeding could improve genetic gains for different important traits. The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRI) to estimate genetic variation for in-season biomass production, leaf chlorophyll, and canopy temperature (CT) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigated conditions. Three field experiments, GHIST (15 CIMMYT globally adapted historic genotypes), RILs1 (25 recombinant inbred lines [RILs]), and RILs2 (36 RILs) were conducted under irrigated conditions at the CIMMYT research station in northwest Mexico in three different years. Five SRI were evaluated to differentiate genotypes for biomass production. In general, genotypic variation for all the indices was significant. Near infrared radiation (NIR)–based indices gave the highest levels of association with biomass production and the higher associations were observed at heading and grainfilling, rather than at booting. Overall, NIR-based indices were more consistent and differentiated biomass more effectively compared to the other indices. Indices based on ratio of reflection spectra correlated with SPAD chlorophyll values, and the association was stronger at the generative growth stages. These SRI also successfully differentiated the SPAD values at the genotypic level. The NIR-based indices showed a strong and significant association with CT at the heading and grainfilling stages. These results demonstrate the potential of using SRI as a breeding tool to select for increased genetic gains in biomass and chlorophyll content, plus for cooler canopies.
Abbreviations: CT, canopy temperature • CTD, canopy temperature depression • GHIST, global historic • NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index • NIR, near infrared radiation • NWI-1, normalized water index-1 • NWI-2, normalized water index-2 • PSSRa, pigment specific simple ratio-chlorophyll a • RARSa, ratio analysis of reflectance spectra-chlorophyll a • RARSb, ratio analysis of reflectance spectra-chlorophyll b • RARSc, ratio analysis of reflectance spectra-carotenoids • RILs, recombinant inbred lines • SR, simple ratio • SRI, spectral reflectance indices • WI, water index
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