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PHYTIC ACID P AND INORGANIC P IN SOYBEAN SEED

Genetic Variability for Phytic Acid Phosphorus and Inorgaic Phosphorus in Seeds of Soybeans in Maturity Groups V, VI, and VII

^a USDA-ARS, 3131 Williams Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695
^b USDA-ARS, 3127 Ligon Street, Raleigh, NC 27607

^* Corresponding author (dan_israel{at}ncsu.edu).

Phytic acid (PA; myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) merr.] meal is a major source of P in animal excreta, a serious environmental pollutant. Genetic mutants in which seed PA is reduced by 60% have been developed. The objectives were to assess (i) natural variation in seed PA-P and inorganic phosphorus (P_i) concentrations in soybean breeding lines and cultivars of Maturity Groups (MGs) V, VI, and VII; (ii) genotype x environment (G x E) interactions for P_i and PA-P, and (iii) relations among PA-P, P_i, and seed protein concentrations. Three sets of cultivars and breeding lines were tested separately in two or three environments. Variation among lines was highly significant, ranging from 3.77 to 5.07 g kg^–1 PA-P and from 0.19 to 0.37 g kg^–1 P_i. The G x E interactions were highly significant for P_i concentration, but significant variation for PA-P concentration was observed only among cultivars, not across environments nor as G x E interactions. Rank correlation coefficients for P_i concentrations between environments were large (0.65–0.88), suggesting that the G x E interactions were due to differences in average P_i concentration in various environments. Variation in seed protein was highly significant in all three sets, but protein was not correlated with PA-P and was correlated with P_i (r = 0.56) only in the MG V breeding lines test. Therefore, genetic relationships between protein and either PA-P or P_i could not be established. Significant natural genetic variation indicates that PA level of potential adapted parents may be useful in breeding low-PA soybeans.

Abbreviations: G x E, genotype x environment • HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography • MG, Maturity Group • PA, phytic acid • PA-P, phytic acid phosphorus • P_i, inorganic phosphorus