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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Intersubgenomic Heterosis in Rapeseed Production with a Partial New-Typed Brassica napus Containing Subgenome A^r from B. rapa and C^c from Brassica carinata

National Key Lab. of Crop Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural Univ., Wuhan 430070, China

^* Corresponding author (jmeng{at}mail.hzau.edu.cn)

A breeding strategy for utilizing intersubgenomic heterosis in rapeseed (Brassica spp.) was proposed by partially replacing the Aⁿ and Cⁿ subgenomes of B. napus L. (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿ) with the A^r subgenome of B. rapa L. (A^rA^r) and C^c of B. carinata A. Braun (B^cB^cC^cC^c), respectively. To replace the subgenomes of natural B. napus (AⁿAⁿCⁿCⁿ), pentaploid hybrids were first produced by mating the synthetic hexaploid (A^rA^rB^cB^cC^cC^c) with natural B. napus. Progenies of pentaploid hybrids were considered as the partial new-typed B. napus (A^rA^rC^cC^c) since they contained 38 chromosomes and half of their genome was introgressed from A^r/C^c subgenome based on cytological and molecular assay. Most individuals of the partial new-typed B. napus showed normal meiotic behavior, high portion of germinated-pollen and good seed set. Intersubgenomic hybrids were produced by crossing cultivars of natural B. napus with the partial new-typed B. napus plants selected from F₃, F₄, and F₅ generations. Seed yield potential of intersubgenomic hybrids was tested for three successive years and most hybrids showed strong over-control or midparent heterosis. Seed yield of hybrids was positively correlated with the genomic proportion of A^r, C^c and A^r + C^c in the new-typed B. napus. It is suggested that increasing the subgenomic portion of A^r/C^c in the new-typed B. napus might further strengthen the intersubgenomic heterosis for seed yield.

Abbreviations: AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism • HPH, high parent heterosis • PCR, polymerase chain reaction • PMCs, pollen mother cells • SSR, single sequence repeat