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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Agronomic Performance of Hard Red Spring Wheat Isolines Sensitive and Insensitive to Photoperiod

^a UGG Ltd., Morden, MB Canada R6M 1C2
^b Dep. of Plant Sciences and Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
^c Dep. of Plant Sciences, Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT, USA 59717-3140
^d Dep. of Plant Agriculture, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
^e Retired, Soils and Crops Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sainte Foy, QC Canada G1V 2J3
^f Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada C1A 4N6
^g Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
^h Retired, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries Food Industry Branch, Dawson Creek, BC, Canada V1G 4J2
ⁱ Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO, USA 80523-1170

^* Corresponding author (hucl{at}sask.usask.ca)

An increasing number of western Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) are photoperiod insensitive, in part, to accommodate short day winter nurseries within breeding programs. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance of near-isogenic photoperiod sensitive (PS) and insensitive (PI) hard red spring wheat lines over 21 environments (1996–1998) to determine if insensitivity had an effect on agronomic performance. Eight PS and eight PI isogenic lines within each of three genetic backgrounds including AC Minto, CDC Makwa, and SWP5304 were evaluated. The dominant allele Ppd-D1 conferred insensitivity to PI lines. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Testing environments included Fort Vermillion, AB (58°N), Dawson Creek, BC (55°N), Saskatoon, SK (52°N), Elrose, SK (51°N), Elgin, MB (49°N), Bozeman, MT (45°N), Ste. Foy, QC (46°N), Charlottetown, PE (46°N), Guelph, ON (43°N), and Akron, CO (40°N). Measurements were made on 11 traits including final leaf number, days to heading and maturity, plant height, grain yield, kernel weight, spikelets per spike (total, fertile, and sterile), seeds per spike, and yield per spike. Generally, PS lines were later in heading and maturity, taller, initiated more leaves and spikelet primordia, and 5% higher yielding. Genetic backgrounds differed significantly in all traits, except final leaf number and grain yield. Significant, noncrossover, photoperiod response type x genetic background interactions were observed only for fertile spikelets per spike and seeds per spike. Our results suggest that photoperiod sensitivity may be advantageous in the northern latitudes of North America.

Abbreviations: BKG, genetic background • CWRS, Canada Western Red Spring • EXP, experiment • PI, photoperiod insensitive response type • PPD, photoperiod response type • PS, photoperiod sensitive response type

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