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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Resource Allocation in a Breeding Program for Phosphorus Concentration in Maize Grain

^a Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^b Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, 279 Plant Science Bldg., Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915

^* Corresponding author (bmwardyn{at}iastate.edu).

When beef cattle (Bos taurus) are fed grain of maize (Zea mays L.) in which the concentration of phosphorus (P) exceeds the animal's need for this element, the excess P is excreted in the feces. Spreading this manure on cropland increases the potential for P pollution of surface waters by run-off. Experiments were undertaken to determine the relative magnitudes of genotypic and nongenotypic variances of P concentration in maize grain (P-Gr) to assess the ability to select maize genotypes in which this trait more closely matches the dietary need of beef cattle. Genetic variability was found in a population developed from a cross of Illinois High Protein (IHP) x Illinois Low Protein (ILP). Because of few low P-Gr segregates, the IHP x ILP population was not considered a good breeding source for this trait. Nongenetic sources of variance were significant but small compared with genotypic variances. Broad-sense heritability (H) for P-Gr among S₁ family means in the IHP x ILP population was estimated at 0.82. This high value suggested that this trait would respond to selection. A comparison of mean values of S₁ families selected on the basis of performance in 2000 or in 2001 alone to those selected on the basis of 2-yr data suggested that the loss in efficiency resulting from selecting on 1-yr data would be only approximately 5%.

Abbreviations: BLUP, best linear unbiased predictor • H, broad-sense heritability • h², narrow-sense heritability • IHP, Illinois High Protein • ILP, Illinois Low Protein • P-Gr, phosphorus concentration in grain

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Crop Science 2004 44: 707-710. [Full Text]  

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