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CROP PHYSIOLOGY & METABOLISM

Photosynthesis and Productivity of Old and Modern Durum Wheats in a Mediterranean Environment

Dep. of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Univ. of Çukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey

^* Corresponding author (mkoc{at}mail.cu.edu.tr).

Genetic variability of leaf net photosynthesis rate (A_n) and its relation to productivity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is not well defined. Two field experiments were conducted at the experimental area of the Faculty of Agriculture, in the University of Çukurova, Turkey, to evaluate the differences between old and modern cultivars in A_n and productivity. Experiments with sowing dates in November 1996 and February 1997 were performed under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Measurements included leaf gas exchange and agronomic traits. Old cultivars (OC) were later flowering and taller than modern cultivars (MC) and their harvest indexes were lower. Before the onset of leaf senescence, most of the OC exhibited higher A_n values than most of the MC, but the extent of variability was not great. High A_n was correlated with high stomatal conductance (g_s), but no overall correlation between A_n and the ratio of internal [CO₂] to [CO₂] in the air was observed. In spite of higher A_n, OC showed no superiority in grain yield. The results indicate that mesophyll conductance rather than g_s has an effect on variation in A_n, and that preanthesis dry matter distribution and total flag leaf photosynthesis and its duration appear to be more relevant than A_n for grain yield, especially under drought.

Abbreviations: A_n, rate of net CO₂ assimilation per unit leaf area • A_n/C_i, apparent leaf mesophyll conductance to CO₂ • C_a, ambient CO₂ concentration • C_i, leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration • DAP, days after planting • DAS, days after sowing • g_s, stomatal conductance to water vapor • LAI, leaf area index • MC, modern cultivars • OC, old cultivars

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Crop Science 2003 43: 1897-1898. [Full Text]  

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