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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Comparison of Two Breeding Strategies by Computer Simulation

^a Wheat Program, CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600 Mexico, D.F., Mexico
^b Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc., 7300 N.W. 62nd Avenue, PO Box 1004, Johnston, IA 50131, USA
^c School of Land and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia

^* Corresponding author (jkwang{at}cgiar.org).

Breeding strategies used by plant breeders are many and varied, making it difficult to compare efficiencies of different breeding strategies through field experimentation. The objective of this paper was to compare, through computer simulation, two widely used breeding strategies, the modified pedigree/bulk selection method (MODPED) and the selected bulk selection method (SELBLK), in CIMMYT's wheat breeding program. The genetic models developed accounted for epistasis, pleiotropy, and genotype x environment (GE) interaction. The simulation experiment comprised the same 1000 crosses, developed from 200 parents, for both breeding strategies. A total of 258 advanced lines remained following 10 generations of selection. The two strategies were each applied 500 times on 12 GE systems. Findings indicated that genetic gain from SELBLK was on average 3.9% higher than that from MODPED, and genetic gain adjusted by target genotypes from SELBLK was on average 3.3% higher than MODPED for a wide range of genetic models. A greater proportion of crosses were retained (25% more) by means of SELBLK compared with MODPED, and from F1 to F8, SELBLK required one third less land than MODPED and produced fewer families (40% of the number for MODPED). For the genetic models considered in our study, computer simulations showed that the SELBLK method resulted in slightly greater genetic gain and significant improvements in cost effectiveness.

Abbreviations: B, CIMMYT's breeding location at El Batan, Mexico • CIMMYT, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) • GE, genotype x environment • LR, leaf rust • ME, megaenvironment • ME1, the low rainfall and irrigated environment type for spring wheat • MODPED, modified pedigree/bulk selection method • QUCIM, a QU-GENE application breeding simulation module • QU-GENE, a simulation platform for quantitative analysis of genetic models developed by The University of Queensland, Australia • QUGENE, the engine of the QU-GENE • SELBLK, selected bulk selection method • SP, small plot • T, CIMMYT's breeding location at Toluca, Mexico • TG, target genotype • TPE, target population of environments • YR, yellow rust • YT, yield trial

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