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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Effect of Recurrent Selection on Combining Ability in Maize Breeding Populations

University of Guelph, Dep. of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1 Canada

^* Corresponding author (lizlee{at}uoguelph.ca)

Recurrent selection (RS) is a population improvement method that increases the frequency of favorable alleles while maintaining genetic variation in breeding populations. Twelve University of Guelph RS maize (Zea mays L.) populations selected via reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS), selfed-progeny recurrent selection (S), or a method combining RRS and S (COM), were assessed for changes in the genetic structure of grain yield, grain moisture, and broken stalks, and two associated selection indices. Partitioning of the entry sums of squares from diallel matings of the original (C₀) and advanced (C_A) cycle populations using Gardner and Eberhart's Analysis II and Analysis III indicated genetic improvement occurred for the per se and cross performance of most populations. Accompanying the favorable changes in population performance were less favorable shifts from predominantly additive genetic effects in C₀ to greater nonadditive genetic effects in C_A. This shift did not substantially change the general combining ability estimates (g_i) of most populations. However, for grain yield, the underlying components of g_i effects were altered in their relative importance. General combining ability (GCA) effects in the C₀ were caused primarily by the population per se effects (v_i), while in C_A the GCA effects were caused predominately by parental heterotic effects (h_i).

Abbreviations: API, adjusted performance index • C₀, original cycle • C_A, advanced cycle • COM, combined recurrent selection • GCA, general combining ability • g_i, general combining ability estimate • h, average heterotic effect • h_i, parental heterotic effect • h_ij, total heterosis • OCHU, Ontario crop heat units • RS, recurrent selection • RRS, reciprocal recurrent selection • S, selfed-progeny recurrent selection • SCA, specific combining ability • UPI, unadjusted performance index • RCBD, randomized complete block design • v_i, variety

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