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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Inheritance and Expression of Transgenes in Barley

^a United States Dep. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, P.O. Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA
^b Univ. of Idaho Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210, USA

* Corresponding author (pbregit{at}uidaho.edu)

Empirical assessments of transgene inheritance and phenotypic expression will assist in the development of efficient breeding strategies for transgenic germplasm, and guide research into the improvement of transformation techniques. The inheritance of a barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) coat protein gene and bar, and the expression of bar as measured by resistance to glufosinate-ammonium damage, was studied in the T₁ and T₃ generations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) populations derived from seven independent transformation events. Most populations deviated from Mendelian inheritance patterns, and several showed evidence of transgene silencing. To further study transgene behavior, several transgenic lines were crossed to a diverse set of nontransgenic cultivars and breeding lines to produce single cross- and backcross-derived populations. In these populations, the inheritance of glufosinate-ammonium resistance generally fit Mendelian expectations for single, dominant loci. Quantitative measurements of glufosinate-ammonium resistance showed heritable variability for glufosinate-ammonium resistance both among and within individual transformation events, but no variability could be attributed to the different genetic backgrounds of the nontransgenic parents. It is concluded that, although transgenic parents such as these can be used in a breeding program, transformation systems that result in greater stability of transgene behavior are desirable.

Abbreviations: bp, base pair • BYDV, barley yellow dwarf virus • CP, coat protein • PAT, phosphinothricin acetyltransferase • PCR, polymerase chain reaction • R:S, resistant:susceptible