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a Dep. of Plant Sciences and Crop Development Centre, Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8 Canada
b Dep. of Applied Microbiology and Food Sci., Univ. of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8 Canada
* Corresponding author (hucl{at}sask.usask.ca)
Improvement of grain color in hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs depends on understanding the influences of genotype (G), environment (E), and their interaction (G x E). The objectives of this study were to quantify genetic variability for grain color and assess the nature of the G x E interaction in determining grain color in 79 spring wheat genotypes. Twelve check cultivars [seven hard red (HR), four hard white (HW), and one soft white (SW)] and 67 white-seeded Australian (AUS) accessions were grown at two locations across 2 yr. Wheat genotypes differed significantly in agronomic traits, grain protein, and kernel hardness. Grain and meal color were quantified using Hunterlab colorimeter values. Whole grain color values without (L = 40.9–50.4 units; a = 7.0–8.3; b = 13.6–19.1) and with NaOH treatment (L = 22.7–38.1; a = 7.7–9.7; b = 9.2–17.9) varied among genotypes. Using ground meal, color values (L = 80.1–84.9; a = 1.8–2.6; b = 8.9–11.8), yellow pigment content (2.5–4.8 µg g-1), and lutein content (1.8–3.7 µg g-1) varied among genotypes. Genotype x location (L) interactions were not significant for colorimetric and pigmentation variables. The Azallini and Cox test detected one crossover G x year (Y) interaction for grain a-value (without NaOH), one for grain b-value (without NaOH), and 12 for lutein content. Genetic variation exists for grain color among HW genotypes. The noncrossover nature of G x E interactions for grain color indicates that white-seeded genotypes selected as superior in one environment will be superior in other environments.
Abbreviations: a-value, Hunterlab redness value • AUS, Australian • b-value, Hunterlab yellowness value • CPS, Canada Prairie Spring • CWRS, Canada Western Red Spring • CWWS, Canada Western White Spring • E, environment • G, genotype • HR, hard red • HW, hard white • KCRF, Kernen Crop Research Farm • L, location • L-value, Hunterlab lightness value • SF, Seed Farm • SW, soft white • Y, year
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