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TURFGRASS SCIENCE

Direct Measurement of Denitrification Using ¹⁵N-labeled Fertilizer Applied to Turfgrass

^a Dep. of Hortic. Sci., 305 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Ave., Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
^b Dep. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sci., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

* Corresponding author (bphorgan{at}umn.edu)

Denitrification losses are a possibility from turfgrass because of frequent irrigation, multiple applications of N fertilizers, and an abundance of readily decomposable organic C in thatch and verdure. Field experiments were conducted to directly measure N₂ and N₂O evolved from a Flanagan silt loam soil under Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). Mass spectrometric procedures were used to analyze atmospheric samples collected from replicated ¹⁵N fertilized turf (49 kg ha^-1). Data showed that labeled fertilizer N (LFN) losses ranged from 2.1 to 7.3% for N₂ and from 0.4 to 3.9% for N₂O; that large N₂ and N₂O fluxes occurred after heavy rainfall events; and that more N₂ was evolved than N₂O. Emission of gas was detected while standing water was visible within cylinders, suggesting the transfer of gases from the flooded soil to the atmosphere through the turfgrass plants. Evolution of N₂ and N₂O was greater from creeping bentgrass treated with KNO₃ than urea through the first 3 wk of the experiment, whereas N₂ emission was greater for urea during the last 2 wk of the experiment, presumably because of NO₃ production through nitrification. Nitrous oxide was detected on the day of fertilization with the KNO₃ treatment, and the mole fraction of N₂O decreased from 0.44 to 0.11 with each weekly application of N.

Abbreviations: DAF, days after fertilization • LFN, labeled fertilizer N • PET, potential evapotranspiration • PVC, polyvinyl chloride

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. E. Engelsjord, B. E. Branham, and B. P. Horgan The Fate of Nitrogen-15 Ammonium Sulfate Applied to Kentucky Bluegrass and Perennial Ryegrass Turfs Crop Sci., July 1, 2004; 44(4): 1341 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. P. Horgan, B. E. Branham, and R. L. Mulvaney Mass Balance of 15N Applied to Kentucky Bluegrass Including Direct Measurement of Denitrification Crop Sci., September 1, 2002; 42(5): 1595 - 1601. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]