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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Interpreting Cultivar x Environment Interactions for Yield in Upland Rice

Assigning Value to Drought-Adaptive Traits

^a IRRI, DAPO 7777, Metro Manila, The Philippines
^b CIRAD-Biotrop TA40/03 Avenue Agropolis 34398 Montpellier Cdex 5, France

* Corresponding author (R.Lafitte{at}cgiar.org)

Many morphological and physiological traits have been suggested as potential mechanisms of cultivar differences in rice (Oryza sativa L.) drought tolerance, but few data are available to link those traits to variation in grain production in water-limited field environments. We evaluated 45 rice cultivars in managed stress environments to relate cultivar x environment (C x E) interaction for yield to specific putative drought-adaptive mechanisms. Cultivars were sown in aerobic (nonflooded) fields across three seasons, under a range of irrigation systems, to generate nine contrasting environments. Data were collected on yield, plant height, maturity, leaf area, relative water content (RWC), epidermal conductance, root pressure, canopy temperature (CT), and chlorophyll content. Mean grain yield ranged from 0.6 to 2.0 Mg ha^-1 across environments. Correlations between grain yields measured in different environments ranged from -0.14 to 0.86. Pattern analysis revealed different cultivar responses in environments with continuous stress or stress during grain filling compared with environments with ample water or environments with adequate drip irrigation. Traits related to C x E interaction scores for yield included anthesis date, leaf percentage fresh weight (%FW), root pressure, leaf area, and rooting depth. Early maturity was found to be advantageous under drought, even when stress was applied at specific developmental stages for each cultivar. Separate pattern analyses for yield components confirmed that cultivar groups that interacted differently with environments for spikelet fertility and thousand-grain weight (TGW) also differed in specific drought-related traits.

Abbreviations: C x E, cultivar x environment • CT, canopy temperature • Da, drip irrigation with maximum stress at flowering • Dg, drip irrigation with stress during grain filling • Di, drip irrigation with no drought treatment • DS, dry season • Dv, drip irrigation with stress in vegetative stage • Fc, furrow irrigated with continuous moisture stress • Fi, furrow irrigated with no drought treatment • %FW, percentage water in fully turgid leaves • k', derived leaf conductance • LAI, leaf area index • PAR, photosynthetically active radiation • PCA, principal component axis • RWC, relative water content • Sc, sprinkler irrigated with continuous moisture stress • Sv, sprinkler irrigation with stress at vegetative stage • TGW, thousand-grain weight • WS, wet season

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Crop Science 2002 42: 1393-1395. [Full Text]  

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