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Crop Science 42:739-745 (2002)
© 2002 Crop Science Society of America

CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Selection for Reduced Carbon Isotope Discrimination Increases Aerial Biomass and Grain Yield of Rainfed Bread Wheat

G. J. Rebetzke*,a, A. G. Condona, R. A. Richardsa and G. D. Farquharb

a CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 1600, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
b Australian National Univ., P.O. Box 475, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

* Corresponding author (G.Rebetzke{at}pi.csiro.au)

Genetic gain is characteristically slow when selecting directly for increased grain yield under water-limited conditions. Genetic increases in grain yield may be achieved through increases in aerial biomass following selection for greater transpiration efficiency (TE as aerial biomass/water transpired). Strong negative correlations between TE and carbon isotope discrimination ({Delta}) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) suggest that selection of progeny with low {Delta} may increase TE and aerial biomass under water-limited conditions. This study investigated how early generation, divergent selection for {Delta} affected aerial biomass and grain yield among 30 low- and 30 high-{Delta}, ‘Hartog’-like, BC2F4:6 progeny and the recurrent, high-{Delta} parent Hartog. Lines were evaluated in nine environments varying for seasonal rainfall (235–437 mm) and hence grain yield (1.3–6.2 Mg/ha). Selection for low {Delta} in early generation progeny was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) smaller {Delta}, higher grain yield (+5.8%), aerial biomass (+2.7%), harvest index (+3.3%), and kernel size (+4.8%) in tested lines. Kernel number was the same for low- and high-{Delta} selected groups. Grain yield advantage of the low {Delta} group increased with reductions in environment mean yield (r = -0.89, P < 0.01) and total seasonal rainfall (r = -0.85, P < 0.01) indicating the benefit of low {Delta}, and therefore high TE for genetic improvement of grain yield in lower rainfall environments. Narrow-sense heritability on a single-plot basis was much greater for {Delta} (h2 = 0.63 ± 0.10) than for either aerial biomass (0.06 ± 0.05) or grain yield (0.14 ± 0.04). Strong genetic correlations between {Delta} and both aerial biomass (r g = -0.61 ± 0.14) and grain yield (-0.58 ± 0.12) suggest {Delta} could be used for indirect selection of these traits in early generations. Selection of low {Delta} (high TE) families for the advanced stages of multiple-environment testing should increase the probability of recovering higher-yielding wheat families for water-limited environments.




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