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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Seed Coat Cracking in Soybean Isolines for Pubescence Color and Maturity

^a R. Takahashi, National Institute of Crop Science, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518 Japan
^b Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8610 Japan
^c Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589 Japan

* Corresponding author (masako{at}narc.affrc.go.jp)

Seed coats of soybean crack under various stress conditions. Cracking of seed coats degrades the external appearance of soybean seeds and reduces their commercial value. Previous studies revealed that the T gene responsible for pubescence color, and the maturity genes, E1 and E5, had inhibitory effects on low-temperature induced seed coat cracking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the T gene and five maturity genes (E1 to E5) on the intensity of seed coat cracking induced by pod-removal treatments. Soybean cv. Harosoy (te1e2E3E4e5) and its near-isogenic lines for T and E1 to E5 loci were used in the experiment. Cracking was induced by removing the upper 50% of pods on the plant 40 d after anthesis. Frequency and degree of cracking were not different among the isolines in the control group. In contrast, there were significant differences among isolines subjected to the pod-removal treatment. Frequency and degree of cracking was low in Harosoy, Harosoy-E1, e3, and e4, and high in Harosoy-T and E2. The results suggest that genotypes at T and E2 loci were associated with severity of seed coat cracking induced by pod-removal. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.90**) between individual seed weight and frequency of cracking among isolines in the pod-removal treatment. Seed coat cracking was probably exacerbated in part by the genes that allow enlargement of individual seeds in response to pod-removal. The differences among isolines suggest that the mechanism of seed coat cracking induced by pod removal may differ from that induced by low temperature treatment.

Abbreviations: DAO, days after opening of individual flowers • NIL, near-isogenic line