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FORAGE & GRAZING LANDS

Flowering in Crimson Clover as Affected by Planting Date

^a Texas A&M Univ. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, 1229 N HWY 281, Stephenville, TX 76401
^b Texas A&M Univ. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, P.O. Box 200, Overton, TX 75684-0200
^c Soil and Crop Science Dep., Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
^d Dep. of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843

* Corresponding author (t-butler{at}tamu.edu)

Understanding factors that affect flowering of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) could improve management decisions to optimize utilization by improving season of use. The experiment was a split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications at College Station, TX, in the 1997-1998 and 1999-2000 growing seasons, and Overton, TX, in the 1998-1999 growing season. Main plot treatments of two crimson clover cultivars and subplot treatments of six planting dates (PDs) were used to evaluate the effect of date to reach 50% budding and 50% flowering based on day of year (DOY), days after planting (DAP), photothermal index (PTI), and growing degree days (GDD) under field conditions. Correlations with 50% bud and 50% flower were almost identical. ‘Columbus’ planted in the autumn flowered an average of 49 d later than ‘Tibbee’. Date to reach 50% flowering was best correlated with DOY (r = 0.93 and 0.97) and DAP (r = 0.92 and 0.98) for Columbus and Tibbee. Date to reach flowering was not as highly correlated with PTI (r = 0.66 and 0.82) or GDD (r = 0.71 and 0.85) for Columbus and Tibbee, thus temperature could not be used to predict flowering. Planting after 21 December delayed flowering in Tibbee 2 to 9 wks, whereas, Columbus planted after 21 December did not flower. It is important to plant early in the growing season or to use later-maturing cultivars to maximize the length of the growing season and possible total production in grazed environments.

Abbreviations: DAP, days after planting • DL, daylength • DOGS, day of growing season • DOY, day of year • GDD, growing degree days • PD, planting date • PLS, pure live seed • PTI, photothermal index

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