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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Wheat Polyphenol Oxidase

Distribution and Genetic Mapping in Three Inbred Line Populations

^a Canadian Grain Commission, 1404-303 Main Street, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3C 3G7
^b USDA/ARS, Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, E-202 Food Science & Human Nutrition Facility East, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6394
^c USDA/ARS, Wheat Genetics, Quality, Physiology & Disease Research Unit, Pullman, WA 99164-6420
^d Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55116
^e Dep. of Food and Bioengineering, Kyungwon Univ., Sungnam 461-701, Korea

* Corresponding author (morrisc{at}wsu.edu)

The enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) has been implicated in discoloration of Asian noodles. The recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, M6/‘Opata 85’, NY18/CC, and ND2603/‘Butte 86’ were used to investigate the distribution, chromosome location, and number of loci involved in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) PPO. PPO activity was measured by means of the substrates L-DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-alanine) and L-tyrosine. The M6/Opata 85 RIL population had a normal distribution, while the ND2603/Butte 86 RIL population had a bimodal distribution for PPO activity (L-DOPA assay). Transgressive segregants were observed for all three populations. Correlations between L-DOPA and L-tyrosine assays for PPO activity were low to medium and could be attributed to substrate specificity and environment. For the combined analysis of M6/Opata 85 RIL populations, the QTL marker Xfba314 (located on chromosome 2D) showed significant association with PPO activity for the L-DOPA assay. For the combined analysis of NY18/CC, three QTL markers for L-DOPA, and two different QTL markers for L-tyrosine, revealed an association with PPO activity at LOD scores of >2.4. The QTL markers for the NY18/CC RIL population were located on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3D, and 6B. The ND2603/Butte 86 population had relatively few other loci for linkage analysis and only the marker Xbcd907.RV.I located on chromosome 3BS showed a weak association with PPO activity on the basis of the L-DOPA assay. The identified QTL markers will be useful for marker-assisted selection as they build upon the evolving maps for these populations, and for resolving in greater detail the genetic basis of PPO activity in wheat.

Abbreviations: AU, absorbance units • CC, Clark's Cream • RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism • L-DOPA, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyl alanine • NY18, NY6432-18 • LOD, log₁₀ (probability of linkage/probability of random assortment) • PPO, polyphenol oxidase • QTL, quantitative trait loci • RILs, recombinant inbred lines

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