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a CSIRO Plant Industry, P.O. Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
b Dep. Plant and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37901
c USDA-ARS, and Crop Science Dep., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
* Corresponding author (G.Rebetzke{at}pi.csiro.au)
Dietary concerns over high saturates contained in edible vegetable oils has stimulated development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with reduced palmitate content. Little is known of factors that might influence phenotypic expression of palmitate content among soybean populations varying for presence of a major reduced palmitate allele. The objective of this study was to investigate how environment and genetic background influence palmitate content when introducing the reduced palmitate trait into adapted backgrounds. Crosses were made between reduced palmitate germplasm, N87-2122-4 (53 g kg-1 palmitate) and normal palmitate cultivars, A3733, Burlison, Kenwood, P9273, and P9341 (103–123 g kg-1 palmitate). For each cross, F4:6 lines homozygous for major reduced or normal palmitate alleles were bulked separately into Maturity Groups (MG) II, III, IV, and V, and evaluated in 10 contrasting field environments during 1993. Palmitate content varied between 82 and 90 g kg-1 across southern U.S. and Puerto Rican environments. Much of this environmental variation was associated with changes in minimum temperature during the growing season. Genetic background effects were highly significant (P < 0.01) with cross means for palmitate content ranging between 81 and 93 g kg-1. Across different maturity groups, palmitate content of the progeny was correlated (r = 0.94–0.99, P < 0.05) with mean content of the normal palmitate parent, such that for every 1 g kg-1 palmitate increase in the normal palmitate parent there was a 0.32 to 0.51 g kg-1 palmitate increase in the progeny. Genetic background effects were presumed to be associated with action of minor alleles transmitted from the normal palmitate parent. Presence of the reduced palmitate allele was associated with significantly (P < 0.01) lower stearate (-6 to -13%) and higher oleate (+4 to +10%) contents across all maturity groups. Selection of low palmitate, high-yielding parents should further decrease palmitate content and produce correlated improvements in stearate and oleate contents to improve overall oil quality in progeny containing reduced palmitate alleles.
Abbreviations: MG, Maturity Group
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