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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Marker-Assisted Backcrossing for Introgression of a Recessive Gene

Institute of Plant Breeding, Seed Science, and Population Genetics, University of Hohenheim, 70953 Stuttgart, Germany

* Corresponding author (melchinger{at}uni-hohenheim.de)

Molecular markers are used to trace the presence of target genes (foreground selection) and accelerate recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection) in backcross programs. In this study, we present an approach for introgression of a recessive target gene from a donor into the genetic background of a recipient line by foreground selection combined with background selection for reducing the donor chromosome segment around the target gene. The goal of the proposed breeding plan is to generate with a given probability, q₂, up to the second backcross generation (BC₂) at least k 1 individuals, which carry the target gene and are homozygous for the recurrent parent alleles at flanking markers, by means of a minimum number of individuals. We provide formulas for calculation of (i) the population size required in generation BC₁ and (ii) the probability of success q₂ of the breeding program in generation BC₂. The latter depends on the number and genotype of the BC₁ individuals selected for further backcrossing and the size of their BC₂ families. The optimum allocation of individuals to generations BC₁ and BC₂ was determined by computer simulations for various map distances between the target gene and the flanking markers. Our approach is demonstrated by a numerical example and can assist breeders in the optimum design of breeding programs for marker-assisted introgression of a recessive gene.

Abbreviations: BC_t, t-th backcross generation • cM, centimorgan • M, Morgan • QTL, quantitative trait loci