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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Selection for Greater ß-Glucan Content in Oat Grain

^a Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Carretera Mexico-Texcoco km 38.5, Texcoco, Edo. de Mex., Mexico 56230
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^c Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^d USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Germplasm Research Facility, P.O. Box 307, Aberdeen, ID 83210
^e USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, Dep. of Crop Science, Box 7620, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7620

* Corresponding author (james_holland{at}ncsu.edu)

Oat (Avena sativa L.) ß-glucan lowers serum cholesterol in humans. Development of oat cultivars with greater groat (caryopsis) ß-glucan content would increase the nutritional and economic value of the crop. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the response to phenotypic selection among individual S₀ plants for greater groat ß-glucan content in two genetically broad-based populations; to compare selected experimental lines to standard check cultivars; and to estimate genetic variances and heritabilities and to test for nonadditive genetic variance for ß-glucan content. We measured groat ß-glucan contents of check cultivars and parental lines and random S_0:1 lines from initial and selected generations of each population grown in field experiments in 1996 and 1997 at two Iowa locations. Mean ß-glucan content increased from 53.9 to 59.9 g kg^-1 in one population, and from 63.5 to 66.0 g kg^-1 in the other, following selection. Genetic variance of ß-glucan content decreased by 9 to 22% following selection, but heritability for ß-glucan content did not change significantly. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.80 to 0.85 on a line mean basis. Additive variance was the only substantial component of genetic variance. Some experimental lines had significantly greater ß-glucan content than the best check cultivars and lines. Phenotypic selection for greater groat ß-glucan content will be effective for developing cultivars with elevated ß-glucan contents.

Abbreviations: BLUP, best linear unbiased predictor • FIA, flow injection analysis • NIRS, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy • PI, plant introduction • REML, restricted maximum likelihood

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