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CROP ECOLOGY, PRODUCTION & MANAGEMENT

Carbon Dioxide and Temperature Effects on Forage Dry Matter Production

^a Agronomy Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0300
^b USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 110965, Gainesville, FL 32611-0965
^c Statistics Dep., P.O. Box 110339, Gainesville, FL 32611-0339

Corresponding author (les{at}gnv.ifas.ufl.edu)

Atmospheric CO₂ and temperature may significantly modify plant production. Grasslands occupy in excess of 25% of the Earth's land area, but grassland species have received limited attention from researchers studying climate change. A 3-yr study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ and temperature on dry matter (DM) harvested from the C₃ legume ‘Florigraze’ rhizoma peanut (RP, Arachis glabrata Benth.) and the C₄ grass ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass (BG, Paspalum notatum Flügge). Both species were field grown in Millhopper fine sand (loamy siliceous Grossarenic Paleudult) in temperature-gradient greenhouses under different CO₂ (360 and 700 µmol mol^-1) and temperature conditions (baseline [B], B+1.5, B+3.0, and B+4.5°C, where B equaled ambient temperature). Plots (2 by 5 m) were harvested three times in 1996 and four times each in 1997 and 1998. Analyzed across years, yield increased 25% for RP (P = 0.02) and tended to increase for BG (15%; P = 0.18) with the near doubling of CO₂, but there was species by CO₂ interaction (P = 0.06) as a result of the greater response to CO₂ by the C₃ legume. There was a positive effect of increasing temperature on yield of both species. Averaged across species, yield increased 11% in 1996, 12% in 1997, and 26% in 1998 as temperature increased from B to B+4.5°C. Under well-watered conditions in this experiment, elevated CO₂ increased DM harvested of a C₃ legume and tended to increase that of a C₄ grass, while the yield response to increasing temperature was positive for both species.

Abbreviations: B, baseline ambient temperature • BG, bahiagrass • DM, dry matter • PAR, photosynthetically active radiation • RP, rhizoma peanut • RuBisCO, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase • TGG, temperature gradient greenhouse

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