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CROP PHYSIOLOGY & METABOLISM

Agronomic and Phenological Differences of Soybean Isolines Differing in Maturity and Growth Habit

^a Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res. Ctr., Agric. Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6
^b Crop Science Dep., Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
^c Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7230 N.W. 70th Avenue, P.O. Box 177, Johnston, IA 50131-0177, ECORC contribution No. 001498 USA

curtisd{at}em.agr.ca

The effects of maturity genes (E genes) on flowering, maturity, and the seed filling period of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have previously been described. However, little work has been done to quantify the effect of maturity and growth habit genes on morphological and phenotypic traits. This study quantifies the effects of maturity and growth habit genes on morphological and phenotypic traits to understand better how these genes may be most agronomically beneficial in northern short-season breeding programs. Four near-isogenic pairs consisting of e₁e₃e₄, e₁e₃E₄, e₁E₃E₄, and E₁e₃e₄ maturity gene combinations containing either indeterminate (Dt₁) or determinate (dt₁) stem termination type were grown near Woodstock, ON, in 1994 and 1995. When averaged across growth habit, the presence of an additional dominant maturity gene significantly increased the time to the start of the seed filling period (SSFP) and days to maturity. Lines with dominant E genes exhibited increased height, final node number, and lodging, and decreased harvest index. Indeterminate growth habit caused increased days to SSFP in 1995, and increased days to maturity, height, and lodging and decreased harvest index in both years. A positive relationship between whole-plant seed filling rate (SFR) and yield occurred in the Dt₁ lines in both years and occurred in the dt₁ lines in 1994. There was a positive relationship between whole-plant seed filling period (SFP) and yield in the dt₁ lines in 1995. The E₁dt₁ line consistently had the highest seed filling rate of any isoline. The data indicated that the E₁dt₁ combination may have unrealized potential in short-season breeding programs.

Abbreviations: CHU, crop heat units • Dt₁, Indeterminate growth habit • dt₁, determinate growth habit • HI, harvest index • MG, maturity group • LSFP, linear seed filling period • SSFP, start of the seed filling period • SFP, seed filling period • SFR, seed filling rate

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