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CROP BREEDING, GENETICS & CYTOLOGY

Photoperiod Effects on Seed Quality Traits in Peanut

^a Genetic Resources and Enhancement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), ICRISAT Patancheru P.O., Andhra Pradesh, India
^b Qld Department of Primary Industries, P.O. Box 23, Kingaroy Q 4610, Australia

s.dwivedi{at}cgiar.org

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a rich source of oil, protein, minerals, and vitamins. The chemical and physical seed quality aspects are gaining importance because of increased use of peanut as a food crop; however, little or no investigation has been carried out on the effect of photoperiod on these traits. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of photoperiod on seed quality traits. The experiment was conducted for three seasons in a three replicate split-plot randomized complete block design with three photoperiods (ND = Normal day, 12 h; SD = Short day, 8 h; LD = Long day, 16 h) as main plots and 10 genotypes as subplots. The SD and LD conditions were created artificially. Pooled analysis of variance, based on a mixed linear model with season (S) as random and photoperiod (Ph) and genotype (G) as fixed effects, indicated significant S and G differences for most of the traits studied. Ph differences were significant only for shelling percentage and palmitic and eicosenoic fatty acids. The interactions S x Ph, S x G, Ph x G, and S x Ph x G were significant for several traits. When SD and LD treatments were compared with ND, shelling percentage increased under SD. Oil content, oleic (O) and linolenic (L) fatty acids, and O/L ratio were not affected due to variation in photoperiod. However, palmitic acid increased and eicosenoic acid decreased under SD. The SD conditions were more interactive with seasons and genotypes for fatty acids. High performing and photoperiod insensitive genotypes were identified for various seed quality traits. These genotypes would be useful in breeding programs aimed at developing high yielding genotypes with improved seed quality for edible purposes.