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a Hermitage Research Station, Department of Primary Industries, Warwick Queensland 4370, Australia
b QDPI/CSIRO Agricultural Production Systems Research Unit, Toowoomba Queensland 4350, Australia
borrela{at}dpi.qld.gov.au
Retention of green leaf area at maturity (GLAM), known as stay-green, is used as an indicator of postanthesis drought resistance in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] breeding programs in the USA and Australia. The critical issue is whether maintaining green leaves under postanthesis drought increases grain yield in stay-green compared with senescent hybrids. Field studies were undertaken in northeastern Australia on a cracking and self-mulching gray clay. Nine closely related hybrids varying in rate of leaf senescence were grown under two water-limiting regimes, post-flowering water deficit and terminal (pre- and postflowering) water deficit, and a fully irrigated control. Under terminal water deficit, grain yield was correlated positively with
and negatively with rate of leaf senescence
. Grain yield also increased by 
0.35 Mg ha-1 for every day that onset of leaf senescence was delayed beyond 76 DAE in the water-limited treatments. Stay-green hybrids produced 47% more postanthesis biomass than their senescent counterparts (920 vs. 624 g m-2) under the terminal water deficit regime. No differences in grain yield were found among eight of the nine hybrids under fully irrigated conditions, suggesting that the stay-green trait did not constrain yield in the well-watered control. The results indicate that sorghum hybrids possessing the stay-green trait have a significant yield advantage under postanthesis drought compared with hybrids not possessing this trait.
Abbreviations: AGDM, aboveground dry mass • CGR, crop growth rate • DAE, days after emergence • GLAM, green leaf area at maturity • ND, no water deficit treatment • PFD, postflowering water deficit treatment • TD, terminal water deficit. *, **, *** Significant at the 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 probability levels, respectively
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