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Effects of the Dt₂ and S Alleles on Agronomic Traits of F₁ Hybrid Soybean

USDA-ARS-SARL, Bldg. 006, BARC-W, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
Dep. of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agric. Res. Devel. Ctr., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210
Pioneer Hi-Bred Limited, #2 HW West, P.O. Box 730, Chatham, ON, N7M 5L1
USDA-ARS-CICGR and Dep. of Agronomy and Dep. of Zoology/genetics, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author.

Agronomic evaluation of F₁ hybrid soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] will be useful for germplasm evaluation, recurrent selection, and estimating heterosis. We anticipated that vegetative heterosis, commonly observed in soybean, could increase early lodging and pod abortion, reducing grain yield. Under these circumstances, observed hybrid grain yield would not reflect the true potential of the hybrid as expressed in later generations. The Dt2 (semideterminate stem type) and S (short internode stem type) alleles have been shown to reduce excessive vegetative growth and lodging in narrow-row production of inbred soybean. Our objectives were (i) to determine the per se effects and effects on heterosis, for agronomic traits, of the semideterminate (Dt2_) and short (S_) stem types in hybrid soybean, (ii) to assess their potential in facilitating germplasm evaluation and recurrent selection, and (iii) to determine if either stem type would be agronomically desirable in commercial hybrid soybean production. Near-isogenic inbred lines and hybrid (F₁) lines were evaluated replicated three-row plots. The Dt2 and S alleles affected agronomic traits of hybrids and inbreds similarly. The Dt2 and S alleles hastened maturity, decreased plant height and lodging, and increased harvest index per se values. The Dt2 allele decreased seed weight and protein content. Both the per se and heterosis data suggest that the Dt2 and S alleles would not be consistently beneficial to germplasm evaluation or recurrent selection. The per se data suggest that the S allele might be useful for both inbred and commercial hybrid soybean.

Received for publication July 14, 1997.

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