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Effect of Temperature on Time to Panicle Initiation and Leaf Appearance in Sorghum

^* Corresponding author (p.q.craufurd{at}reading.ac.uk).

Leaf-tip appearance and duration from planting to panicle initiation (PI) are important developmental processes in cereals. This study was conducted to determine the effect of air temperature on rates of leaf-tip appearance and 1/PI for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. Nine genotypes were grown in pots at mean temperatures of 17 to 33°C and photoperiods of 11.0 to 12.3 h d^–1 in glasshouses. Leaf-tip appearance was recorded every 3 to 5 d and PI determined by apical dissection. The optimum temperature (T_o) for 1/PI was between 26 and 27°C and supra-optimal temperatures delayed PI in all genotypes. The base temperature (T_b) ranged from 6 to 10°C but only one genotype had a T_b significantly different from a common value of 8.5°C. Growing degree days (GDD) for PI among genotypes at snb-optilnal temperatures varied from 411 to 592 (P < 0.001) above a T_b of 8.5°C. Warmer temperatures (>27°C) reduced the rate of leaftip appearance in five genotypes; in the remainingenotypes the rate of leaf appearance was effectively constant at mean temperatures between 23 and 33°C. There was no significant difference (P > 0.20) amongenotypes in the phyllochron, which was 57 GDD above a T_b of 8.5°C. The final number of leaf-tips was constant within genotypes at mean temperatures of 18 to 30°C, but varied among genotypes from 11.8 to 17.3. In conclusion, the T_b and T_o for 1/PI were approximately 8.5 and 27°C and there was variation in 1/PI but not in the rate of leaf-tip appearance among the genotypes studied.

Received for publication July 7, 1997.

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