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Gamete Selection for Upright Carioca Bean with Resistance to Five Diseases and a Leafhopper

International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia

^* Corresponding author (S.Singh{at}cgnet.com).

Growing cultivars that possess multiple disease-and-pest resistance minimizes crop losses, reduces the need for pesticides, and lowers production costs. Our objective was to use gamete selection (i.e., selection based on F₁-derived families that come from crosses that are multiple-parent, heterogeneous, and heterogametic) to develop upright carioca-type beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with resistance to angular leaf spot (ALS), anthracnose (ANT), bean common mosaic (BCM), bean golden mosaic (BGM), common bacterial blight (CBB), and leafhopper (LHP). Two multiple-parent, interracial crosses (BZ 9780 and GX 9792) were made, using plant-to-plant pollinations, in 1990-1991. The F₁-derived F₂ (F_1.2) families were evaluated for ALS and CBB, and F_1.3 families for ANT and LHP. In F₄, carioca-type seeds from promising families were saved. The F_1.4 families were then evaluated for BGM. All 127 F_1.2 families from BZ 9780 were discarded by F₄ because none segregated for six resistances and possessed carioca-type seeds. Of the GX 9792 population, 260 F₅-derived F₉ (F_5.9) lines, originating from only 12 of 460 F_1.2 families, were evaluated for ALS, ANT, BCM, BGM, CBB, and LHP. Six parents, eight checks, and 86 F_5.9 lines resistant to at least ANT, BCM, and CBB were tested for yield in seven environments in 1995–1996, using a partially balanced lattice design with three replicates. Only eight lines, originating from four of the 460 F_1.2 families, possessed resistance to all five diseases and LHP. Of these lines, one outyielded the check cultivar Carioca, and that line with one other outyielded the two carioca-type parents (A 769 and EMP 250) used in the GX 9792 populations. Thus, the use of gamete selection and early generation testing was effective in developing high- yielding upright lines with resistance to multiple biotic stresses.

Received for publication June 5, 1997.

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