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Dep. Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695 (currently Plant Science Cooperative Research Center, P.O. Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia)
USDA-ARS, Dep. Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695
* Corresponding author (G.Rebetzke{at}pi.csiro.au).
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oils with reduced palmitic acid concentrations should comply with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for vegetable oils with lower saturated fatty acid contents. This study was designed to investigate the genetic basis for reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents in the seed oil of reduced palmitic acid germplasm, N87-2122-4. Crosses between N87-2122-4 and Midwest-adapted cultivars, Kenwood and P9273, revealed frequencies of reduced and normal palmitic acid among F2 progeny consistent with segregation at a single major locus. There was a large phenotypic variation (15–30 g kg–1) for paimitic acid content measured on progeny homozygous for either reduced or normal palmitic acid alleles, however. Repeatability of this variation was examined in 87 reduced and normal palmitic F5:7 lines randomly sampled from each cross. Reduced palmitic acid lines ranged between 54 and 72 g kg–1, and normal palmitic acid lines between 90 and 119 g kg–1 for both crosses. No line produced significantly less palmitic acid than N87-2122-4 but 
55% of the reduced palmitic acid lines were significantly greater (P < 0.01). The large genotypic ranges observed for both F2 and F5:7 generations may be explained by an undetermined number of genetic modifiers associated with the major palmitic acid locus. Across both populations, the major reduced palmitic acid allele was associated with a 15% reduction in stearic acid content. However, genetic correlations for palmitic and stearic acid contents among lines homozygous for the major palmitic acid alleles were nonsignificant (rg = –0.30–0.18), enabling simultaneous selection of inbred lines producing both reduced palmitic and stearic acid contents. High narrow-sense heritabilities (>80%) for palmitic and stearic acid contents suggest that total saturates may be reduced by selection in few environments for major and modifier genes controlling reduced palmitic acid content.
Received for publication November 30, 1995.
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